Derechos de salud a prueba en América Latina: un estudio comparativo
Antecedentes: A muchos pacientes se les niega el acceso a los servicios de salud y a los medicamentos en América Latina, por lo que los jueces tienen que intervenir. Esta tendencia de judicialización se ha acelerado durante la última década. En un sentido similar, la literatura existente sobre la justiciabilidad y judicialización del derecho a la salud se ocupa de la cuestión de si los jueces deben intervenir o no en la protección del derecho a la salud.
Objetivo: Evaluar los desafíos derivados del litigio del Derecho a la Salud en Colombia, Argentina, Brasil y México.
Metodología: Marco analítico y metodológico cualitativo, descriptivo y comparativo. Incluye una revisión bibliográfica y 37 entrevistas semiestructuradas a jueces, académicos y funcionarios gubernamentales. Además, se realizó un análisis de contenido de la jurisprudencia más reciente en los cuatro países.
Resultados: En los cuatro países estudiados persiste un enfoque moderado orientado a las repercusiones en el litigio y preocupado por las consecuencias del proceso de judicialización. Esto supone, en primer lugar, la incorporación de algunos límites y condiciones en el reconocimiento del derecho a la salud por parte de los Tribunales y, en segundo lugar, en términos generales, que las sentencias no están teniendo en cuenta las causas estructurales que afectan a la litigiosidad.
Conclusiones: Los tribunales deberían avanzar hacia un equilibrio intencional en el reconocimiento, los remedios, la supervisión y la evaluación de las sentencias. Esto implica ser más reflexivos y estratégicos que reactivos y pasivos. En otras palabras, cuanto más inmaduro sea el sistema sanitario y más causas estructurales se perciban, más reflexivos y estratégicos deberían ser los Tribunales, y más se debería promover el reconocimiento, la protección, la supervisión y la evaluación. Los Estados también deben adoptar medidas contundentes contra las causas estructurales y deben implementar un enfoque de la salud más práctico y basado en los derechos de manera tangible.
Autores/as
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Eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo.
